Case Study № 10 · Educational Technology

AI Chess Coach: Building Mental Models Through In-Game Visualization

Real-time Socratic coaching that helps you think better—not just tells you what was wrong.

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Focus Socratic Learning
Approach In-Game Coaching
Method Real-Time Visualization
Real
Time Coaching
4
Skills Developed
Visual
Pattern Building
Socratic
Method
Quick Read The essentials in 60 seconds
01
The Problem

Post-game analysis shows what was wrong—but by then you've forgotten what you were thinking. The learning opportunity is gone.

02
The Approach

Coach during gameplay, not after. Socratic questions, visual highlighting, and think-out-loud input.

03
The Solution

Real-time coaching that builds mental models, resilience, planning skills, and self-questioning habits.

04
The Shift

From "what was wrong" to "how to think better"—fundamentally different from traditional analysis.

Most chess training happens after your game ends. You lose, pull up Chess.com's analysis, and see that move 14 was a "mistake." But by then, you've forgotten what you were thinking. You can't remember why you made that move. The learning opportunity is gone.

AI Chess Coach takes a different approach: it coaches you while you play, not after. Instead of telling you what was wrong, it helps you build better mental models in real-time—asking Socratic questions, visualizing critical squares, and helping you think through positions as they happen.

You learn resilience by working through tough spots with guidance. You develop planning skills by articulating your thinking out loud. And most importantly, you build pattern recognition that transfers to future games.

The Problem with Post-Game Analysis

Shows What, Not Why

Chess.com tells you move 14 was a "mistake" (evaluation drops from +1.2 to +0.3). It doesn't help you understand your thinking process or why you made that mistake.

Disconnected Feedback

By review time, you've moved on mentally. Did you see the better move and reject it? Did you miss it entirely? Without understanding your mental model at decision-time, analysis just shows what you did wrong.

Reactive, Not Proactive

Post-game analysis waits until you've lost to tell you where you went wrong. You don't learn to spot weak squares before your opponent exploits them.

"The computer shows arrows and evaluations telling you what you should have done. But by then, you've forgotten what you were thinking." — The core problem with post-game analysis

The In-Game Coaching Approach

What if coaching happened while you're deciding, not after you've decided? AI Chess Coach provides guidance during gameplay. After each move exchange, the coach asks questions about the position. When you're stuck, you can think out loud and get Socratic guidance.

Aspect Post-Game Analysis In-Game Coaching
When After the game ends During active gameplay
What it shows "This move was a mistake" "What squares should you control?"
Learning focus What you did wrong How to think better
Mental models Doesn't capture thinking process Builds pattern recognition
Resilience Shows you lost Guides through tough positions
Student input Passive review only Active thinking out loud

What You Build

Four transferable skills that improve every future game.

Mental
Models
Pattern recognition through repeated exposure to highlighted squares and Socratic questions
Resilience
Learn to stay calm, analyze systematically, find solutions in tough positions
Planning
Develop the habit of articulating plans before executing them
Reflection
Internalize the coach's questions as your inner dialogue

How the System Works

01

Socratic Coaching

After each move exchange, the coach asks guiding questions. Instead of "You should have played Nf3," it asks "What squares does your knight control from f3?"

02

Visual Board Context

Every message includes a mini-board with highlighted squares. When the coach mentions "e4" or "d5," those squares are automatically highlighted in yellow.

03

Think-Out-Loud Input

Type your thoughts mid-game: "I'm thinking about Nf3 but worried about my e4 pawn." The coach responds to your actual thinking process.

Real Examples from the System

Example 1: Developing Pattern Recognition

You play 1.e4. Instead of waiting until the game ends to analyze, the coach immediately provides context.

Your Move: 1.e4
Coach Response
🎓 Coach
Good start! You've played e4, controlling the center. Notice the highlighted squares—e4 and e5 are the most important in the opening. What do you think your opponent might play? And why would controlling these squares help your pieces?

e4 and e5 highlighted

What you're learning

You're building the mental model "center squares matter in openings" while actually playing, not reading about it in a book. The visual highlighting helps you remember these squares in future games.

Example 2: Building Planning Skills Through Thinking Out Loud

You're about to move but uncertain. Instead of guessing, you type your thinking process.

Position (1.e4 e5)
👤 You Type
I'm considering Nf3, but I'm worried about leaving my e4 pawn undefended. Should I defend it first or develop pieces?
Coach Guides Your Thinking
🎓 Coach
Great question! Look at the highlighted squares—your pawn on e4 is defended by your queen on d1. Nf3 develops while maintaining that defense. What squares does Nf3 control? How does that help your position?

Shows defense relationship

What you're learning

You're developing the habit of checking piece safety before moving. By thinking out loud, you make your mental model explicit. The coach's questions help you spot what you missed (the queen defends the pawn).

Example 3: Developing Resilience by Discovering Tactics

You're in a complex position. Instead of just telling you "there's a fork here," the coach asks guiding questions.

Complex Position

Italian Game: After 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5

Coach Asks, Doesn't Tell
🎓 Coach
Interesting position! Look at your knight on g5 and the f7 square. What would happen if your knight jumped to f7? Which pieces would it attack? Think about the king's position...

f7 and g5 highlighted

What you're learning

Instead of being told "play Nxf7," you discover the pattern yourself through guided questions. This builds resilience—when you face similar positions later, you recognize the pattern and find the tactic yourself.

Example 4: Visual Learning of Opening Patterns

You ask "Can you show me the Queen's Gambit?" The system animates the opening so you see how moves flow.

👤 You Ask
Can you show me the Queen's Gambit?
🎓 Coach
The Queen's Gambit: White plays 1.d4 to control the center. Black responds 1...d5. Then White plays 2.c4, offering a pawn to gain central control. Watch the board below—notice how each move fights for the center squares...
Animated Opening (Watch It Unfold)

Animates: 1.d4 → 1...d5 → 2.c4 (highlighted)

What you're learning

You see openings as dynamic sequences, not static diagrams. The animation shows how each move connects to the next. After watching, you understand the idea behind the Queen's Gambit (central control through pawn sacrifice), not just the moves.

Why This Approach Works

Learning happens best when it's:

"Post-game analysis shows you what you did wrong. In-game coaching helps you develop the thinking patterns to avoid those mistakes in the first place." — The fundamental difference

Conclusion

AI Chess Coach shows that chess learning doesn't have to wait until after you lose.

By providing Socratic coaching during gameplay, visualizing critical patterns in real-time, and encouraging students to think out loud, the system builds mental models, resilience, and planning skills that post-game analysis can't match.

The shift from "what was wrong" to "how to think better" is what makes in-game coaching fundamentally different from traditional post-game analysis.

Skills & Methods Demonstrated

Design

Interactive Design, Visualization Design, Educational Technology, UX Design

Development

JavaScript, Chess.js, Chessboard.js, LLM Integration, Animation Systems

Pedagogy

Socratic Methods, Mental Model Development, Learning Design, Resilience Building

Innovation

In-Game Coaching, Real-Time Visualization, Think-Aloud Protocols